Avoid acetazolamide if you have a known allergy to sulfonamides or related drugs. This includes thiazides and loop diuretics. Severe renal impairment necessitates careful consideration and potentially dose adjustment or avoidance altogether.
Monitor patients closely for signs of metabolic acidosis, particularly those with compromised renal function or respiratory issues. Regular blood electrolyte monitoring is recommended, especially potassium levels.
- Hypokalemia: Acetazolamide can induce hypokalemia. Supplement potassium if necessary, following careful clinical monitoring. Metabolic Acidosis: This is a potential side effect. Regular blood gas analysis can help detect and manage this. Hepatic Impairment: Use caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment may be required.
Patients with a history of kidney stones should use acetazolamide with caution due to the risk of increased stone formation. Adequate hydration is key.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding require careful assessment of risks and benefits before acetazolamide prescription. Consult relevant guidelines for specific recommendations.
Pregnancy: Use only when clearly needed and under close medical supervision. Breastfeeding: Acetazolamide is excreted in breast milk; monitor the infant for potential side effects.
Concurrent use with certain medications warrants special attention. For example, those that affect potassium levels (e. g., digoxin) should be monitored closely.
Patients should be informed of potential side effects, including paresthesia, anorexia, nausea, and dizziness. They should report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.
