Monitor patients for common side effects like diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These usually resolve without intervention, but inform your doctor if they persist or worsen. Severe diarrhea might indicate Clostridium difficile infection, requiring immediate medical attention.
Allergic reactions, including skin rashes, itching, and hives, require prompt discontinuation of ampicillin and possible administration of antihistamines or corticosteroids. In rare cases, anaphylaxis can occur; initiate emergency treatment immediately if signs like swelling of the face, lips, or tongue appear, accompanied by difficulty breathing.
Ampicillin can alter gut flora, potentially leading to a secondary yeast infection (candidiasis). Observe patients for oral thrush (white patches in the mouth) or vaginal yeast infections. Treatment with antifungal medication may be necessary.
Blood tests monitoring liver and kidney function are recommended, especially with prolonged use. Adjust dosage based on kidney function to prevent accumulation. Elevated liver enzymes signal potential liver problems; discontinue ampicillin and consult a physician.
Central nervous system effects like seizures are rare but possible, particularly in patients with predisposing conditions. Consider reducing dosage or switching to an alternative antibiotic if seizures occur. Always provide full disclosure of other medications, as interactions can occur.
For pregnant or breastfeeding women, discuss the risks and benefits of ampicillin with your physician. Ampicillin crosses the placenta and is present in breast milk; benefits should outweigh potential risks.
