Dexamethasone IV administration requires vigilant monitoring for adverse reactions. Observe the patient closely for signs of anaphylaxis, including hypotension, urticaria, and bronchospasm. If anaphylaxis occurs, immediately stop the infusion, administer epinephrine according to established protocols, and provide supportive care. Maintain airway patency and monitor vital signs continuously.
Managing Common Adverse Reactions
Common side effects like increased blood glucose levels necessitate frequent blood glucose monitoring, especially in diabetic patients. Adjust insulin dosages as needed. Gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and vomiting, may be managed with antiemetics. Fluid retention requires close monitoring of intake and output, and adjustments to fluid management strategies may be necessary. Psychological effects, such as insomnia or mood changes, should be documented and appropriate interventions considered. Report all adverse events, both common and severe, to the attending physician. Dosage adjustments may be required based on the patient’s response and tolerance.
Severe Reactions and Immediate Actions
Severe reactions, such as cardiac arrhythmias or severe hypertension, are medical emergencies. Promptly implement advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols as required. Intravenous fluids, vasopressors, or other supportive medications may be needed. Closely monitor vital signs and electrolytes during these episodes. Document all interventions and the patient’s response meticulously.
