Try the magnet test first. Silver isn’t magnetic, so if a magnet sticks, it’s not silver. This eliminates many base metals.
Next, examine the item’s hallmark. Genuine silver usually has a maker’s mark and purity stamp (e. g., .925 for sterling silver). A missing or suspicious hallmark warrants further investigation.
Perform the acid test carefully. Use a silver-testing solution (available online or at jewelry supply stores). Apply a tiny drop to an inconspicuous area. A genuine silver item will react minimally, showing a slight darkening or no reaction at all; other metals will show a much more pronounced color change. Always follow the product instructions carefully for safe handling.
Check the weight and feel. Silver has a considerable density. Compare the item’s weight to something similar but made of a base metal; if significantly heavier, it could suggest silver.
Assess its conductivity. Real silver is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. Touching the item and noting how quickly it heats or cools can provide a preliminary indication. However, this is not a conclusive test.
Consider professional appraisal for high-value items. For expensive pieces, a professional gemologist or metalsmith can provide definitive authentication through advanced testing methods.
